Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to an individual’s or group’s social and economic position in society. Health outcomes, on the other hand, are the results of the healthcare and health interventions on an individual’s health status. There is a well-established link between SES and health outcomes. This means that individuals with higher SES have better health outcomes compared to those with lower SES.
Several factors determine how SES affects health outcomes
Socioeconomic disparities manifest in various forms, including education, income, occupation, and neighborhood. People with higher SES have access to better education, income, jobs, and, ultimately, a better standard of living. They can afford more nutritious foods, have better living conditions, can afford specialized health care, and can afford insurance. All these factors influence the ability to avoid risk factors and health-damaging behaviors in ways that protect them from ill health.
The link between SES and health outcomes is evident. Studies indicate that individuals with lower SES had a significantly higher incidence of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. They are also more exposed to environmental hazards such as air and water pollution, exposure to violence and other forms of stressors.
Poor education and income inequalities also have a negative effect on health outcomes. For instance, people living in poverty may have limited access to healthcare services, information on health or healthy behaviors, and other beneficial aspects, such as being physically active. They may also have limited access to healthy foods, an essential aspect of healthy living, and are more likely to consume unhealthy foods compared to those with higher SES.
The lack of access to healthcare services can lead to neglecting preventive measures that may have adverse effects on health. For example, individuals with lower SES may not go to the doctor early enough, may not get regular checkups or screenings, or may fail to follow up on their treatments.
Health outcomes
Another factor that contributes to the link between SES and health outcomes is psychological distress. Individuals living in poverty or have lower SES may face chronic stressors, which affect their mental health. This can lead to a lack of control, feelings of helplessness, and anxiety, which could increase a person’s susceptibility to different health issues.
In conclusion, SES is a significant determinant of health outcomes. Individuals with higher SES have better health outcomes compared to those with lower SES. The factors that contribute to this link include access to healthcare, access to healthy foods, exposure to environmental hazards, and education levels. Health providers need to understand the link between SES and health outcomes to develop strategies aimed at continually improving health outcomes for all individuals. By addressing the SES disparities in health and ensuring people have access to proper health education, infrastructure, and care, we can gradually reduce these disparities and promote better health outcomes for all.
